I. Te whakarite tūroro
1. Kia mārama ki te wāhi, te āhua, te rahi me te poka o ngā mea ke
Me tango he karapa X-ray, he karapa CT rānei o te kaki, te uma, ngā tirohanga anteroposterior me te taha, te puku rānei ina hiahiatia kia mārama ai koe ki te wāhi, te āhua, te rahi, me te aroaro o te poka o te mea ke, engari kaua e tirotirohia te horomitanga barium.
2. Te nohopuku me te wā nohopuku wai
Ko te tikanga, ka nohopuku ngā tūroro mō ngā haora 6 ki te 8 hei whakawātea i ngā mea o roto o te puku, ā, ka taea te whakangāwari i te wā nohopuku me te wā nohopuku wai mō te gastroscopy ohorere.
3. Āwhina rongoā whakangote
Ko ngā tamariki, ko te hunga he mate hinengaro, ko te hunga kāore e mahi tahi, ko te hunga he tinana ke kei roto i te whare herehere, he tinana ke nui, he tinana ke maha, he tinana ke koi, he pokanga endoscopic uaua, he roa rānei te wā, me pokanga i raro i te mate whakamoe whānui, i te werohanga endotracheal rānei me te āwhina a te tohunga whakamoe. Tangohia ngā mea ke.
II. Te whakarite taputapu
1. Kōwhiringa endoscope
Kei te wātea ngā momo gastroscopy tirohanga whakamua katoa. Mena e whakatauhia ana he uaua ki te tango i te tinana ke, he nui rānei te tinana ke, ka whakamahia te gastroscopy pokanga rua-awa. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā endoscopy he iti ake te diameter o waho mō ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi.
2. Te kōwhiringa o ngā kuku
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakawhirinaki ki te rahi me te āhua o te mea ke. Ko ngā taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā kukupa koiora, te mahanga, ngā kukupa kauae-toru, ngā kukupa papatahi, ngā kukupa mea ke (kukupa niho-kiore, kukupa waha-kauae), te kete tango kohatu, te putea kupenga tango kohatu, me ētahi atu.
Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te taputapu i runga i te rahi, te āhua, te momo, me ētahi atu mea o te tinana ke. E ai ki ngā pūrongo tuhinga, ko ngā kuku niho-kiore te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te auau whakamahinga o ngā kuku niho-kiore he 24.0%~46.6% o ngā taputapu katoa e whakamahia ana, ā, ko ngā mahanga he 4.0%~23.6%. E whakaponohia whānuitia ana he pai ake ngā mahanga mō ngā tinana ke roa, he tokotoko te āhua. Pērā i ngā inemahana, ngā paraihe niho, ngā rākau tapatapahi, ngā pene, ngā pūnu, me ētahi atu, ā, kaua te tūranga o te pito kua taupokina e te mahanga e neke ake i te 1cm, ki te kore ka uaua ki te puta atu i te cardia.
2.1 Ngā tinana ke āhua tokotoko me ngā tinana ke porowhita
Mō ngā mea ke āhua tokotoko, he maeneene te mata, he angiangi te whānui o waho pērā i ngā niho niho, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā kūmau kauae-toru, ngā kūmau niho-kiore, ngā kūmau papatahi, me ētahi atu; mō ngā mea ke porowhita (pērā i ngā matua, ngā pōro karāhe, ngā pākahiko pātene, me ētahi atu), whakamahia he kete tango kōhatu, he putea kupenga tango kōhatu rānei hei tango. He tino uaua ki te paheke.
2.2 Ngā mea ke roa, koi, ngā puranga kai, me ngā kōhatu nunui i roto i te puku
Mō ngā tinana ke roa, koi, me whakarara te tuaka roa o te tinana ke ki te tuaka roa o te pūwero, me anga whakararo te pito koi, te pito tuwhera rānei, ka hoki whakamuri i te wā e werohia ana te hau. Mō ngā tinana ke porowhita, ngā tinana ke rānei he kōhao, he pai ake te whakamahi i te tikanga miro hei tango atu;
Mō ngā putunga kai me ngā kōhatu nunui i roto i te puku, ka taea te whakamahi i te kuku ngau hei kuru i a rātou, kātahi ka tangohia mā te kuku kauae-toru, mā te mahanga rānei.
3. Ngā taputapu tiaki
Whakamahia ngā taputapu tiaki i ngā wā katoa e taea ana mō ngā mea tauhou e uaua ana ki te tango, ā, he morearea hoki. Ko ngā taputapu tiaki e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā ko ngā taupoki mārama, ngā ngongo o waho, me ngā uhi tiaki.
3.1 Taupoki mārama
I te wā e tangohia ana te tinana ke, me whakamahi he taupoki mārama ki te pito o te karu endoscopic kia kore ai e rakuraku te kiriuhi o te mucosa e te tinana ke, ā, kia whānui ake te korokoro hei whakaiti i te ātete e pā ana ki te tango i te tinana ke. Ka taea hoki e ia te āwhina ki te pupuri me te tango i te tinana ke, he mea pai mō te tango i te tinana ke.
Mō ngā mea ke āhua-rīpene kua mau ki roto i te kiriuhi mucous i ngā pito e rua o te korokoro, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi taupoki mārama hei pana mārire i te kiriuhi mucous o te korokoro huri noa i tētahi pito o te mea ke kia puta ai tētahi pito o te mea ke i te pakitara o te kiriuhi mucous o te korokoro hei karo i te poka o te korokoro i puta mai i te tango tika.
Ka taea hoki e te taupoki mārama te whakarato i te wāhi e tika ana mō te whakahaere i te taputapu, he mea watea mō te kimi me te tango i ngā mea ke i te wāhanga whaiti o te kaki esophageal.
I taua wā anō, ka taea e te taupoki mārama te whakamahi i te momi pēhanga kino hei āwhina i te mimiti i ngā puranga kai me te whakahaere i te tukatuka i muri mai.
3.2 Te anga o waho
Ahakoa e tiaki ana i te korokoro me te mucosa hononga korokoro-puku, ka āwhina te ngongo o waho i te tango endoscopic o ngā mea roa, koi, me te maha o ngā mea ke, me te tango i ngā puranga kai, ā, ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā raruraru i te wā e tangohia ai ngā mea ke o te puku o runga. Ka whakanui ake i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga.
Kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia ngā overtubes mō ngā tamariki nā te mea kei kino te korokoro i te wā e whakaurua ana.
3.3 Taupoki tiaki
Whakatakotoria te taupoki tiaki ki raro ki te pito o mua o te endoscope. Whai muri i te whakakī i te mea tauhou, hurihia te taupoki tiaki ka takai i te mea tauhou i te wā e tangohia ana te endoscope kia kore ai e uru mai ngā mea tauhou.
Ka pā atu ki te kiriuhi mucous o te ara nakunaku, ā, he mahi tiaki tāna.
4. Ngā tikanga maimoatanga mō ngā momo tinana ke i roto i te ara kai o runga
4.1 Ngā puranga kai i roto i te korokoro
E ai ki ngā pūrongo, ko te nuinga o ngā puranga kai iti i roto i te korokoro ka taea te pana mārire ki roto i te puku, ā, ka waiho kia tukuna maoritia, he mea māmā noa iho, he mea watea, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka puta he raruraru. I te wā o te tukanga whakatairanga gastroscopy, ka taea te whakauru i te pupuhi tika ki roto i te lumen korokoro, engari ko ētahi tūroro ka haere tahi me ngā pukupuku kino o te korokoro, te stenosis anastomotic post-esophageal rānei (Pikitia 1). Mena he ātete, ā, ka pana kaha koe, mā te pēhi nui rawa ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te poka. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he kete kupenga tango kohatu, he putea kupenga tango kohatu rānei hei tango tika i te tinana ke. Mena he nui te poraka kai, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā kuku tinana ke, ngā mahanga, me ētahi atu hei kuru i mua i te wehewehe. Tangohia.
Pikitia 1 Whai muri i te pokanga mō te mate pukupuku korokoro, i haere tahi te tūroro me te aukati o te ngongo korokoro me te pupuri i te kai.
4.2 Ngā mea ke poto, pūngoi hoki
Ka taea te tango i te nuinga o ngā mea ke poto, pūkohu hoki mā roto i ngā kutikuti, ngā mahanga, ngā kete tango kōhatu, ngā putea kupenga tango kōhatu, me ētahi atu (Pikitia 2). Mena he uaua ki te tango tika i te mea ke i roto i te korokoro, ka taea te pana ki roto i te puku hei whakatika i tōna tūranga, kātahi ka ngana ki te tango. Ko ngā mea ke poto, pūkohu hoki, he whānui >2.5 cm i roto i te puku, he uaua ake te haere mā roto i te pylorus, ā, me mahi wawe tonu te wawaotanga endoscopic; ki te kore ngā mea ke he iti ake te whānui i roto i te puku, i te duodenum rānei e whakaatu i te kino o te puku, ka taea e rātou te tatari kia puta noa mai. Mena ka noho tonu mō te neke atu i te 3-4 wiki, ā, kāore tonu e taea te tuku, me tango mā te endoscopic.
Pikitia 2 Ngā mea kirihou ke me ngā tikanga tango
4.3 Ngā tinana ke
Kāore e ngāwari te tuku noa i ngā mea ke atu i te taiao, neke atu i te 6 henemita te roa (pērā i ngā inemahana, ngā paraihe niho, ngā rākau tapatapahi, ngā pene, ngā pūnu, me ētahi atu), nō reira ka kohia pinepinetia mā te whakamahi i tētahi mahanga, i tētahi kete kōhatu rānei.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te mahanga hei taupoki i tētahi pito (kaua e neke atu i te 1 henimita te tawhiti mai i te pito), ā, ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi taupoki mārama hei tango mai. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu cannula o waho hei hopu i te mea tauhou, kātahi ka hoki mārire ki roto i te cannula o waho hei karo i te kino o te kiriuhi mucous.
4.4 Ngā mea koi o tāwāhi
Me aro nui ki ngā mea koi ke pērā i ngā wheua ika, ngā wheua heihei, ngā niho rūpahu, ngā poka tāte, ngā niho niho, ngā topenga pepa, ngā mata heu, me ngā takai pouaka pire (Pikitia 3). Me ata rongoatia ngā mea koi ke e taea ai te kino ngāwari ki ngā kiriuhi mucous me ngā oko toto, ā, ka arahi ki ngā raruraru pērā i te poka. Whakahaere endoscopic ohorere.
Pikitia 3 Ngā momo mea koi rerekē o tāwāhi
I te tango i ngā mea koi ke i raro i te pitoI roto i te oro, he māmā noa te waru i te kiriuhi o te ara kai. He pai ki te whakamahi i tētahi taupoki mārama, ka taea te whakaatu katoa i te lumen me te karo i te waru i te pakitara. Ngāna ki te whakatata i te pito pūngoi o te tinana ke ki te pito o te karāhe endoscopic kia whakanohoia tētahi pito o te tinana ke. Whakauruhia ki roto i te taupoki mārama, whakamahia he kuku tinana ke, he mahanga rānei hei hopu i te tinana ke, kātahi ka ngana ki te pupuri i te tuaka roa o te tinana ke kia rite ki te esophagus i mua i te tango atu i te oro. Ka taea te tango i ngā tinana ke kua whakauruhia ki tētahi taha o te esophagus mā te whakatakoto i tētahi taupoki mārama ki te pito o mua o te endoscope me te tomo mārire ki te tomokanga esophagus. Mō ngā tinana ke kua whakauruhia ki roto i te kōhao esophagus i ngā pito e rua, me wetekina tuatahi te pito papaku kua whakauruhia, ko te tikanga i te taha proximal, unuhia te pito kē, whakatikatikahia te ahunga o te mea ke kia uru te pito pane ki roto i te taupoki mārama, ka tangohia. I muri rānei i te whakamahi i te maripi laser hei tapahi i te tinana ke i waenganui, ko tā mātou wheako he wetekina te āwhata aorta, te taha ngākau rānei i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tangohia i roto i ngā wāhanga.
a.Ngā niho rūpahu: Ina kai, ina maremare, ina kōrero rāneig, ka taka pea ngā tūroro i ō rātou niho rūpahu, kātahi ka tomo ki te ara kai o runga me ngā nekehanga horomi. He ngāwari te whakauru i ngā niho rūpahu koi me ngā here whakarewa i ngā pito e rua ki roto i ngā pakitara o te ara kai, ka uaua ai te tango. Mō ngā tūroro e kore e angitu i te maimoatanga endoscopic tikanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu here maha hei ngana ki te tango i raro i te endoscopy rua-awa.
b. Ngā rua tāte: Ko ngā rua tāte e mau ana ki roto i te korokoro he koi tonu i ngā pito e rua, ka arahi pea tēnei ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te kino o te kiriuhi mucous.e, te toto, te mate purulent ā-rohe me te poka i roto i te wā poto, ā, me rongoā mā te maimoatanga endoscopic ohorere (Pikitia 4). Mena kāore he whara o te puku, ka taea te whakaputa i te nuinga o ngā kōhatu tāte i roto i te puku, i te duodenum rānei i roto i ngā haora 48. Ko ngā mea kāore e taea te whakaputa maori me tango wawe tonu.
Pikitia 4 Te matua o te jujube
E whā ngā rā i muri mai, i kitea he tinana ke i roto i tētahi atu hōhipera. I whakaatuhia e te CT he tinana ke i roto i te korokoro me te poka. I tangohia ngā puku jujube koi i ngā pito e rua i raro i te endoscopy, ā, i mahia anō te gastroscopy. I kitea he fistula i hangaia ki te pakitara o te korokoro.
4.5 Ngā mea ke nui ake, he roa ngā taha, he koi hoki ngā taha (Pikitia 5)
a. Tāutahia te ngongo o waho ki raro i te endoscope: Whakauruhia te gastroscope mai i waenganui o te ngongo o waho, kia tata te taha o raro o te ngongo o waho ki te taha o runga o te wāhanga piko o te gastroscope. Whakauruhia te gastroscope ki te taha o te tinana ke. Whakauruhia ngā taputapu e tika ana mā roto i te ngongo koiora, pērā i ngā mahanga, ngā kuku tinana ke, me ētahi atu. Whai muri i te hopu i te mea ke, maka ki roto i te ngongo o waho, ā, ka puta katoa te taputapu me te whakaata.
b. Taupoki tiaki kiriuhi mucous i hangaia i te kāinga: Whakamahia te taupoki koromatua o ngā karapu rapa hauora hei hanga i te taupoki tiaki pito mua o te endoscope i hangaia i te kāinga. Tapahia i te taha o te pūtake koromatua o te karapu kia rite ki te āhua o te tetere. Tapahia he kōhao iti ki te pito o te maihao, ka tukuna te pito o mua o te tinana whakaata mā roto i te kōhao iti. Whakamahia he mowhiti rapa iti hei whakapiri i te 1.0cm te tawhiti atu i te pito o mua o te gastroscope, whakahokia ki te pito o runga o te gastroscope, ka tukuna me te gastroscope ki te tinana ke. Hopukia te tinana ke, kātahi ka tangohia tahi me te gastroscope. Ka neke noa te ringaringa tiaki ki te tinana ke nā te ātete. Ki te hurihia te ahunga, ka takai ki ngā mea ke hei tiaki.
Pikitia 5: I tangohia ngā wheua ika koi mā te endoscopic, me ngā karawarawa o te kiriuhi mucous
4.6 Ngā mea ke whakarewa
Haunga ngā kuku tikanga, ka taea te tango i ngā mea ke whakarewa mā te momi me ngā kuku aukume. Ko ngā mea ke whakarewa he morearea ake, he uaua rānei ki te tango, ka taea te rongoā mā te whakamahi i te tirotiro hihi-X. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he kete tango kohatu, he putea kupenga tango kohatu rānei.
He nui ake te kitea o ngā moni i roto i ngā mea ke i roto i te ara nakunaku o ngā tamariki (Pikitia 6). Ahakoa ka taea te tuku maori i te nuinga o ngā moni i roto i te korokoro, e taunakihia ana te maimoatanga endoscopic whiriwhiri. Nā te mea he iti ake te mahi tahi a ngā tamariki, he pai ake te tango endoscopic i ngā mea ke i roto i ngā tamariki i raro i te mate whakamoe whānui. Mena he uaua te tango i te moni, ka taea te pana ki roto i te puku, kātahi ka tangohia ki waho. Mena kāore he tohu i roto i te puku, ka taea e koe te tatari kia puta maori mai. Mena ka noho te moni mō te neke atu i te 3-4 wiki, ā, kāore i puta, me rongoatia mā te endoscopic.
Pikitia 6 Moni whakarewa mea ke
4.7 Ngā mea ke e pirau ana
Ka taea e ngā mea ke waikura te whakararu i te ara kai, te pirau rānei. Me whai maimoatanga endoscopic ohorere i muri i te tātaritanga. Ko ngā pākahiko te mea ke waikura tino noa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pā ki ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke (Pikitia 7). I muri i te pakaru o te korokoro, ka pā pea te stenosis o te korokoro. Me arotake te endoscope i roto i ētahi wiki. Mena ka puta he stricture, me whakawhanui wawe te korokoro.
Pikitia 7 He mea ke i roto i te pākahiko, ko te pere whero e tohu ana i te wāhi o te mea ke
4.8 Matū ke aukume
Ina he maha ngā tinana ke aukume, ngā tinana ke aukume rānei e honoa ana ki te konganuku i roto i te ara kai o runga, ka kukume ngā mea tetahi ki tetahi, ka pēhi i ngā pakitara o te ara kai, ka ngāwari ai te mate pukupuku ischemic, te hanganga fistula, te pakaru, te aukati, te peritonitis me ētahi atu whara kino o te ara kai, e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga endoscopic ohorere. Me tango wawe tonu hoki ngā mea ke aukume takitahi. Haunga ngā kuku tikanga, ka taea te tango i ngā tinana ke aukume i raro i te momi mā te whakamahi i ngā kuku tinana ke aukume.
4.9 Ngā mea ke i roto i te puku
Ko te nuinga o ēnei he rama, he waea rino, he whao, me ētahi atu, ka horomia ā-pūmautia e ngā herehere. He roa, he nunui te nuinga o ngā mea ke, he uaua ki te haere mā roto i te cardia, ā, ka ngāwari te rakuraku i te kiriuhi mucous. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā ure me ngā kutikuti niho-kiore hei tango i ngā mea ke i raro i te tirotiro endoscopic. Tuatahi, whakauruhia ngā kutikuti niho-kiore ki te pito o mua o te endoscope mā roto i te kōhao biopsy endoscopic. Whakamahia ngā kutikuti niho-kiore hei whakapiri i te mowhiti rapa i raro i te ure. Kātahi, whakahokia te kutikuti niho-kiore ki te kōhao biopsy kia kitea te roa o te ure i waho o te kōhao biopsy. Whakaitihia kia rite ki te taea me te kore e pā ki te tirohanga, kātahi ka whakaurua ki roto i te kōhao puku me te endoscope. I muri i te kitenga o te mea ke, whakauruhia te mea ke ki roto i te ure. Mena he uaua ki te tango, whakanohoia te ure ki roto i te kōhao puku, ā, whakamahia ngā kutikuti niho-kiore hei whakapiri i te mea ke ka whakauru ki roto. I roto i te ure, whakamahia ngā kutikuti niho-kiore hei whakapiri i te ure ka tangohia tahi me te whakaata.
4.10 Ngā kōhatu puku
Kua wehea ngā gastrolith ki ngā gastrolith huawhenua, ngā gastrolith kararehe, ngā gastrolith i puta mai i te rongoā, me ngā gastrolith whakauru. Ko ngā gastrolith huawhenua te mea tino noa, ko te nuinga ka puta mai i te kai nui o ngā persimmon, hawthorn, date hotoke, pītiti, herewi, rimurapa, me ngā kokonati i te puku kau. Nā ētahi atu. Kei roto i ngā gastrolith tipu pērā i ngā persimmon, hawthorn, me ngā jujube te waikawa tannic, te pectin, me te kāpia. I raro i te mahi a te waikawa puku, ka hangaia he pūmua waikawa tannic kore-wairewa, ka herea ki te pectin, te kāpia, te muka tipu, te kiri, me te uho. Ngā kōhatu puku.
Ka pēhia te pakitara o te puku e ngā kōhatu puku, ā, ka whakaoho i te nui haere o te waikawa o te puku, ka ngāwari ai te pirau o te kiriuhi puku, te mate pukupuku, tae noa ki te pakaru. Ka taea te whakarewa i ngā kōhatu puku iti, ngohengohe ki te konutai paikāpōnate me ētahi atu rongoā, kātahi ka tukuna kia puta noa i te tinana.
Mō ngā tūroro e kore e whiwhi i te maimoatanga hauora, ko te tango kohatu endoscopic te kōwhiringa tuatahi (Pikitia 8). Mō ngā kohatu puku he uaua ki te tango tika i raro i te endoscopy nā te rahi, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kuku tinana ke, ngā mahanga, ngā kete tango kohatu, me ētahi atu hei kuru tika i ngā kohatu, kātahi ka tangohia; mō te hunga he mārō te kakano kāore e taea te kuru, ka taea te whakaaro ki te tapahi endoscopic i ngā kohatu. Te maimoatanga laser lithotripsy, te maimoatanga hiko teitei-auau rānei, ina iti iho i te 2cm te kohatu puku i muri i te pakaru, whakamahia ngā kuku maikuku-toru, ngā kuku tinana ke rānei hei tango i te nui o te wā e taea ai. Me tūpato kia kore ai ngā kohatu nui atu i te 2cm e tukuna ki roto i te kōhao puku mā te puku, ka ārai i te puku.
Pikitia 8 Ngā kōhatu i roto i te puku
4.11 Pēke Rongoā
Ka puta he mōrearea nui ki te tangata mēnā ka pakaru te putea rongoā, ā, he ārai hoki tēnei mō te maimoatanga endoscopic. Me mahi pokanga ngā tūroro kāore e taea te puta noa i te hōhipera, e whakapaetia ana rānei kua pakaru te putea rongoā.
III. Ngā raruraru me te maimoatanga
Ko ngā raruraru o te tinana ke e pā ana ki te āhua, te āhua, te roa o te noho me te taumata mahi a te tākuta. Ko ngā raruraru matua ko te whara o te mucosa esophageal, te toto, me te mate poka.
Mena he iti te mea ke, ā, kāore he kino e kitea ana i roto i te kiriuhi mucous ina tangohia mai, kāore e hiahiatia he kawe ki te hōhipera i muri i te pokanga, ā, ka taea te whai i tētahi kai ngawari i muri i te nohopuku mō ngā haora e 6.Mō ngā tūroro e whara ana te mucosa esophageal, ka taea te hoatu i ngā kirikiri glutamine, te kirikiri phosphate konumohe me ētahi atu kaihoko tiaki mucosal hei rongoā mō ngā tohumate. Mēnā e tika ana, ka taea te hoatu kai nohopuku me te kai ā-taha.
Mō ngā tūroro he kino te kiriuhi mucous me te toto, ka taea te whakahaere i te maimoatanga i raro i te tirohanga endoscopic tika, pērā i te rehu i te otinga saline norepinephrine makariri, i ngā topenga titanium endoscopic rānei hei kati i te patunga.
Mō ngā tūroro e whakaatu ana te CT i mua i te pokanga kua uru te tinana ke ki te pakitara o te esophagus i muri i te tango endoscopic, ki te noho te tinana ke mō te iti iho i te 24 hāora, ā, kāore he whēwhe i kitea e te CT i waho o te lumen esophageal, ka taea te mahi tika i te maimoatanga endoscopic. Whai muri i te tangohanga o te tinana ke mā te endoscope, ka whakamahia he topenga titanium hei whakapiri i te pakitara o roto o te esophagus i te wāhi poka, ka taea te aukati i te toto me te kati i te pakitara o roto o te esophagus i te wā kotahi. Ka whakatakotoria he ngongo puku me te ngongo whāngai jejunal i raro i te tirohanga tika a te endoscope, ā, ka tukuna te tūroro ki te hōhipera mō te maimoatanga tonu. Kei roto i te maimoatanga ko te maimoatanga tohumate pēnei i te nohopuku, te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te puku, ngā paturopi me te kai. I taua wā anō, me āta tirotiro i ngā tohu ora pēnei i te pāmahana tinana, ā, me tirotiro i te putanga mai o ngā raruraru pēnei i te emphysema o raro o te kaki, te emphysema mediastinal rānei i te toru o ngā rā i muri i te pokanga. Whai muri i te whakaatu a te angiography wai iodine kāore he turuturu, ka taea te kai me te inu.
Mena kua neke atu i te 24 hāora te roa o te pupuri i te mea ke, mena ka puta ngā tohumate o te mate pēnei i te kirika, te makariri, me te nui haere o ngā toto toto ma, mena ka whakaatuhia e te CT te hanganga o te whēwhe i waho o te lumen i roto i te esophagus, mena rānei kua puta he raruraru nui, me whakawhiti ngā tūroro ki te pokanga kia rongoatia i te wā tika.
IV. Ngā Whakatūpato
(1) Ka roa te noho o te tinana ke ki roto i te korokoro, ka uaua ake te mahi pokanga, ā, ka nui ake ngā raruraru ka puta. Nō reira, he mea nui rawa te wawaotanga endoscopic ohorere.
(2) Mena he nui te tinana ke, he āhua koretake, he kōpikopiko rānei, inā koa kei waenganui o te korokoro te tinana ke, e tata ana ki te āwhata o te aorta, ā, he uaua ki te tango mā te endoscopically, kaua e tangohia mā te kaha. He pai ake te rapu tohutohu maha-mātauranga me te whakarite mō te pokanga.
(3) Mā te whakamahi tika i ngā taputapu tiaki korokoro ka taea te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā raruraru.
Tō mātoungā kuku hopu kotahiKa whakamahia ngātahitia me ngā endoscope ngohengohe, ka tomo ki roto i te kōhao tinana tangata pērā i te ara manawa, te korokoro, te puku, te whekau me ērā atu mea mā te hongere endoscope, hei hopu i ngā kiko, i ngā kōhatu me ngā mea ke, me te tango hoki i ngā stent.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-26-2024