I te tau 2017, i whakaarohia e te World Health Organization te rautaki mō"te kitenga wawe, te tautuhi wawe, me te maimoatanga wawe", he whakamahara tēnei ki te marea kia aro wawe ki ngā tohumate. Whai muri i ngā tau o te moni tūturu haumanu,kua noho ko ēnei rautaki e toru hei huarahi tino whai hua hei ārai i te mate pukupuku.
E ai ki te "Global Cancer Report 2020" i tukuna e te WHO, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te maha o ngā mate pukupuku hou puta noa i te ao ki te 30.2 miriona i te tau 2040, ā, ka eke te maha o ngā mate ki te 16.3 miriona.
I te tau 2020, ka 19 miriona ngā mate pukupuku hou o te ao.I taua wā, ko ngā mate pukupuku matua e toru me te maha rawa o ngā mate pukupuku o te ao ko: te mate pukupuku o te ū (22.61 miriona), te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu (2.206 miriona), te koroni (19.31 miriona), me te mate pukupuku o te puku i te tuarima me te 10.89 miriona.I roto i te maha o ngā mate pukupuku hou, ko te mate pukupuku koroni me te mate pukupuku puku te 15.8% o ngā mate pukupuku hou katoa.
E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te ara Manhua e pā ana ki te waha ki te tatau āniwaniwa, e pā ana ki te esophagus, te puku, te whekau iti, te whekau nui (cecum, appendix, colon, rectum me te anal), te ate, te pancreas, me ētahi atu, me te colorectum i roto i ngā mate pukupuku hou o te ao. Ko te mate pukupuku me te mate pukupuku puku e rua ngā mea e pā ana ki te ara nakunaku, nō reira me aro atu hoki ki ngā mate pukupuku e pā ana ki te ara nakunaku, ā, me whakatinana te rautaki "toru wawe".
I te tau 2020, i eke te maha o ngā kēhi mate pukupuku hou i tōku whenua ki te 4.5 miriona, ā, ko te maha o ngā matenga o te mate pukupuku he 3 miriona.I te toharite, 15,000 ngā tāngata i kitea he mate pukupuku i ia rā, ā, 10.4 ngā tāngata i kitea he mate pukupuku i ia meneti. Ko te tuarima ko te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu.(e 17.9% o ngā matepukupuku hou katoa),mate pukupuku koroni (12.2%), mate pukupuku puku (10.5%),mate pukupuku ū (9.1%), me te mate pukupuku ate (9%). I roto i ngā mate pukupuku e rima anake,Ko ngā mate pukupuku o te puku te 31.7% o ngā mate pukupuku hou katoa.Ka kitea me nui ake tā tātou aro ki te kimi me te aukati i te mate pukupuku o te ara kai.
Koinei te putanga 2020 (tohutohu motuhake mō te rangahau me te ārai i te pukupuku o Chang Beihui) e pā ana ki te mahere ārai me te tirotiro i te mamae o te ara kai:
Matepukupuku repeure
1. Ngā tāngata kāore he tohu o te mate neke atu i te 1.45 tau te pakeke;
2. Ngā tāngata neke atu i te 240 tau te pakeke me ngā tohumate o te puku mō ngā wiki e rua:
3. Ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te mate puku ulcerative mō te wā roa;
4.4 tāngata i muri i te pokanga mate pukupuku koroni;
5. Te taupori i muri i te maimoatanga o te adenoma colorectal;
6. Ngā whanaunga tata he hītori whānau mō te mate pukupuku koroni
7. Ngā whanaunga tata o ngā tūroro kua kitea he mate pukupuku koroni ira-whakapapa, neke atu i te 20 tau te pakeke
1. Ngā Hui Whakamātautau "Taupori Whānui" 1-5:
(1) Ka tīmata te tirotiro i te mate pukupuku repeure i te 45 tau te pakeke, ahakoa he tāne, he wahine rānei, ka kitea te toto huna o te paru (FOBT) kotahi i te tau
Te tirotiro koroni i ia 10 tau tae noa ki te 75 tau;
(2) Ka taea tonu e te hunga kei waenganui i te 76 ki te 85 tau te pakeke, ā, kei te ora pai, me te hunga e roa ake ana te oranga mō te 10 tau neke atu, te pupuri i te whakapaipai.
2 E ai ki te "Tirohanga haumanu o ngā mema o te whānau tata me te hītori whānau o te mate pukupuku koroni:
(1) 1 whanaunga tuatahi me te adenoma tino teitei, te mamae rānei (kei raro iho i te 60 tau te pakeke o te tīmatanga), 2
Mō ngā whanaunga tuatahi me runga ake me te adenoma teitei, te mate pukupuku rānei (ahakoa te tau e tīmata ai), ka tīmata i te 40 tau te pakeke (ka tīmata rānei i te 10 tau te iti iho i te tau e tīmata ai te mema whānau pōtiki rawa), whakamātautau FOBT kotahi i te tau, kotahi i ia 5 tau Colonoscopy;
(2) Ngā tāngata mōrearea nui, he whānau whanaunga tuatahi tō rātou (kotahi anake, ā, neke atu i te 60 tau te pakeke o te tīmatanga):
Tīmata te tirotiro i te 40 tau te pakeke, me te whakamātautau FOBT i ia tau, me te colonoscopy i ia tekau tau. 3 Te tirotiro i ngā mema o te whānau mō te "matepukupuku colorectal tuku iho" e tū ana 7;
Mō ngā whānau o ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te FAP me te HNPCC, e taunakihia ana kia whakamātauria ngā whakarerekētanga ira ina mārama te whakarerekētanga ira i te take tuatahi o te whānau.
(1) Mō te hunga he pai te whakamātautau whakarerekētanga ira, i muri i te 20 tau te pakeke, me mahi he colonoscopy i ia 1-2 tau; (2) Mō te hunga he kino te whakamātautau whakarerekētanga ira, me tirotirohia te taupori whānui. 4 Ngā tikanga e taunakitia ana mō te tirotiro:
(1) Ko te whakamātautau FOBT + te rangahau i waenga i ngā rōrahi te tikanga matua o te rangahau Han, ā, he rawaka ngā taunakitanga:
(2) Mā te kimi i ngā ira maha-whāinga o te toto ka āwhina pea ki te whakapai ake i te tika o te tatau, ā, he tino nui te utu; (3) Mena ka taea e ngā āhuatanga, ka taea te whakahaere i te tirotiro mā te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga paru me te toto.
1. Ka taea e te whakakori tinana te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā pukupuku, te piri ki ngā kaiārahi hākinakina, me te kaukau hei karo i te momona;
2. He kai hauora mō te roro, he nui ake te kai muka mata me ngā hua hou, ā, karohia ngā kai momona me ngā kai pūmua nui;
3 Tērā pea ka whai hua ngā rongoā ārai-mumura me te ārai-matepukupuku kore-tinana ki te ārai i te matepukupuku puku. Ka taea e ngā kaumātua te whakamātau i te aspirin iti-horomanga, ka whakaiti pea i te mōrearea o ngā mate pūnaha toto me ngā mate pūnaha roro me te matepukupuku puku. Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te tākuta mō te whakamahinga motuhake.
5. Whakaitihia te kai hikareti kia kore ai e pāngia e te paitini roa me te whakaoho mumura ki te Qinghua Dao.
Matepukupuku puku
Ko te tangata kei a ia tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei, he mea mōrearea nui ia;
1. Neke atu i te 60 tau te pakeke;
2 Te gastritis atrophic ngawari me te kino;
3. Mate puku mau tonu;
4. Ngā polyps o te puku;
5. He tohu nui o te kopa o te kiriuhi puku;
6. Te toenga o te puku i muri i te pokanga mō ngā mate pai;
7. Te toenga o te puku i muri i te pokanga matepukupuku o te puku (6-12 marama i muri i te pokanga);
8. Te mate urutā Helicobacter pylori;
9. He hītori whānau mārama mō te matepukupuku puku, te matepukupuku korokoro rānei;
10. Te mate toto kino:
11. Te polyposis adenomatous whānau (FAP), te mate pukupuku koroni tuku iho kore-polyposis (HNPCC) hītori whānau.
Mēnā he nui ake i te 40 tau te pakeke me te mamae o te puku, te pupuhi o te puku, te ruaki waikawa, te ngau o te puku me ētahi atu tohu o te mamae o te puku, me te gastritis mau tonu, te metaplasia o te puku o te mucosa puku, ngā polyp o te puku, te toenga o te puku, te tohu kopa puku nui, te mate puku mau tonu me te atypia epithelial puku. Me tirotiro auau te Hyperplasia me ētahi atu whara me ngā mea kua pāngia e te mate pukupuku i roto i te whānau e ai ki ngā taunakitanga a te tākuta.
1. Whakatūria ngā tikanga kai hauora me te hanganga kai, kaua e kai nui rawa;
2. Te whakakorenga i te mate Helicobacter pylori;
3. Whakaitihia te kai i ngā kai makariri, raukikī, wera rawa, me ngā kai mārō, tae atu ki ngā kai tote nui pērā i te auahi me te pīkara
4. Kati te kai hikareti;
5. Kia iti ake te inu waipiro mārō, kia kaua rawa rānei e inu;
6. Whakangāwari me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga i runga i te whakaaro tika
Matepukupuku korokoro
Neke atu i te 40 tau te pakeke, ā, kua tutuki i a koe tētahi o ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e whai ake nei:
1. Mai i te rohe e nui ana te mate pukupuku korokoro i tōku whenua (ko te rohe tino kikī o te mate pukupuku korokoro i tōku whenua kei ngā kawanatanga o Hebei, Henan me Shanxi i te tonga o Maunga Taihang, inā koa i te Rohe o Cixian, i Qinling, Maunga Dabie, te raki o Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, te raki o Jiangsu, Xinjiang, me ētahi atu. Kei roto i ngā rohe e nui ana te mate pukupuku korokoro te whenua me ngā takirua rauropi);
2. Ngā tohu o te taha whakarunga o te puku, pērā i te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te mamae o te puku, te ruaki waikawa, te kore e pai ki te kai me ētahi atu tohu;
3. Hītori whānau mō te mamae o te korokoro:
4. E pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku o mua o te korokoro, e ngā whara o mua o te mate pukupuku rānei:
5. He nui ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te mate pukupuku o te korokoro pērā i te momi hikareti, te inu nui, te taumaha rawa, te pai ki te kai wera, te mate pukupuku pūtau squamous o te mahunga me te kaki, te ara manawa rānei;
6. E pāngia ana e te mate reflux periesophageal (CERD);
7. Te mate pāwera o te tangata (HPV).
Ngā tāngata e tino mōrearea ana ki te mate pukupuku korokoro:
1. Te tirotiro mata noa, ia rua tau;
2 Endoscopy me ngā kitenga pathological o te dysplasia ngawari, endoscopy kotahi i te tau;
3 Endoscopy me ngā kitenga pathological o te dysplasia ngawari, endoscopy ia ono marama
1. Kaua e momi hikareti, kaua hoki e mutu te momi hikareti;
2. He iti noa te waipiro, kāore rānei he waipiro;
3. Kai i tētahi kai e tika ana, kai i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua hou
4. Whakarei ake i te whakakori tinana, kia mau tonu hoki te taumaha hauora;
5. Kaua e kai i te kai wera, kaua hoki e inu i te wai wera.
Matepukupuku ate
Ngā tāne neke atu i te 35 tau te pakeke me ngā wāhine neke atu i te 45 tau te pakeke i roto i tētahi o ngā rōpū e whai ake nei:
1. Te mate urutā hepatitis B mau tonu (HBV) te mate urutā hepatitis C mau tonu rānei (HCV);
2. Te hunga he hītori whānau tō rātou mō te mate pukupuku ate;
3. Ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te mate ate cirrhosis i puta mai i te schistosomiasis, te waipiro, te mate biliary cirrhosis tuatahi, me ētahi atu;
4. Ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te kino o te ate i puta mai i te rongoā;
5. Ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate tuku iho o te pūnaha io, tae atu ki: te ngoikore o te hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin, te mate rokiroki glycogen, te porphyria kiri whakaroa, te tyrosinemia, me ētahi atu;
6. Ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te mate hepatitis ā-aunoa;
7. Ngā tūroro mate ate momona kore-waipiro (NAFLD)
1. Me tirotirohia ngā tāne neke atu i te 35 tau te pakeke me ngā wāhine neke atu i te 45 tau te pakeke e nui ana te mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku ate;
2. Te whakamahi ngātahi i te pūmua toto alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) me te ultrasound ate B, te tirotiro i ia 6 marama
1. Kano ārai mate Hepatitis B;
2. Me whiwhi wawe tonu te hunga mate hepatitis mau tonu i te rongoā ārai huaketo hei whakahaere i te whakaputanga o te huaketo hepatitis.
3. Kaua e inu waipiro, kaua hoki e whakaiti i te inu waipiro;
4. Kai i tētahi kai māmā, whakaitihia hoki te kai i ngā kai hinuhinu
5. Āta karohia te kai i ngā kai pokepokea ai.
Matepukupuku repeure
Ko te hunga neke atu i te 40 tau te pakeke, inā koa neke atu i te 50 tau te pakeke, me tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei (kāore te ono o ngā āhuatanga e whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku repeure, engari kāore e mahia te tirotiro):
1. Hītori whānau mō te mate pukupuku repeure me te mate huka;
2. He hītori tō te kai hikareti, te inu waipiro, te kai nui i te ngako me te nui i te pūmua mō te wā roa;
3. Te kī o te puku o waenganui me te puku o runga, te kore whakamarie, te mamae o te puku, kāore he take e kitea ana, me ngā tohu pēnei i te kore hiahia kai, te ngenge, te korere, te hekenga taumaha, te mamae o te tuara o raro, me ētahi atu;
4. Ngā wā o te pancreatitis mau tonu, inā koa te pancreatitis mau tonu me ngā kōhatu o te awa pancreatic, te papilloma mucinous momo awa pancreatic matua, te adenoma cystic mucinous, me te pukupuku pseudopapillary totoka, me te CA19-9 serum teitei;
5. Te tīmatanga ohorere o te mate huka, kāore he hītori whānau;
6. He pai te Helicobacter pylori (HP), he hītori o te mate niho ā-waha, te mate PJ, me ētahi atu.
1. Ka tirotirohia ngā tāngata kua whakahuatia ake nei mā te whakamahi i ngā hua o ngā whakamātautau toto mō ngā tohu pukupuku pēnei i te CA19-9, CA125 CEA, me ētahi atu, me te CT puku me te MRI, ā, ka taea hoki e te B-ultrasound te āwhina e rite ana;
2. Whakamātautau CT, MR rānei kotahi i te tau mō te hunga kua whakahuatia ake nei, inā koa ko te hunga he hītori whānau me ngā whara repeure kei roto
1. Kati te kai hikareti me te whakahaere i te waipiro;
2. Whakatairangahia he kai māmā, he ngāwari ki te nakunaku, he iti te ngako;
3. Kai atu i te heihei, ika me te pāpaka, ā, whakatairangahia te kai i ngā huawhenua putiputi "+", pērā i te kāpeti matomato, te kāpeti, te rātiti, te pūrokoro, me ētahi atu;
4. Whakatairanga i ngā mahi ā-hauora o waho
5. Hei ārai i te kino haere o ngā whara pai, me rapu awhina hauora te hunga whai kōhatu o te awa repeure, te papilloma mucinous intraductal me te adenoma cystic, ētahi atu whara repeure pai rānei i te wā tika.
Ko mātou, ko Jiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd., he kaihanga i Haina e tohunga ana ki ngā taonga endoscopic, pērā i tehe kuku koiora, he hemoclip, he mahanga polyp, he ngira sclerotherapy, he catheter rehu, he paraihe cytology, he waea ārahi, he kete tango kohatu, he catheter rerenga wai ihu, me ētahi atu.e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te EMR, ESD, ERCP. He tiwhikete CE ā mātou hua, ā, he tiwhikete ISO ā mātou tipu. Kua kaweakehia ā mātou taonga ki Ūropi, Amerika Te Raki, Te Waenganui Rawhiti me tētahi wāhanga o Āhia, ā, he whānuitia te whiwhinga o te kiritaki i te mihi me te whakamoemiti!
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2022