Kei te tata te Hui-ā-Tau 32 o te Urology Association (CUA) ki Dalian, ka tīmata anō ahau, ka hoki anō ki taku mōhiotanga o mua mō te urological endoscopy. I roto i aku tau katoa o te endoscopy, kāore anō ahau kia kite i tētahi tari e tuku ana i te whānuitanga o ngā endoscope, tae atu ki ngā whatu, ngā hiko, me ngā momo whakaritenga. Hei tāpiri, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o ngā endoscope urological, ā, i roto i te motu, ka tapaina rātou ki ngā ingoa māia pēnei i te "cannonscope" me te "aircraft carrier scope." He mea whakamiharo taku wheako tuatahi ki a rātou. Kua kohikohia e au he rārangi o ngā āhua me ngā waitohu o ngā endoscope ngāwari me ngā endoscope pakari, he wheako ako nui tēnei mō taku mahi.
Nō nā tata nei, kei te ako au i te urological endoscopy me te whakaaro kore-tūturu. Ka tuhia e au kia rite ki te wāhi o te mate. I mua i te ako, ka mārama tuatahi ahau ki ētahi raraunga taketake.
Ngā raraunga me te maha o ngā pokanga e hiahiatia ana mō ētahi āhuatanga mimi
Kua wehea te Urology inaianei ki te ara mimi o runga (ngā whatukuhu me ngā ureter), te ara mimi o raro (te pūkahukahu me te prostate), me te andrology. Hei tāpiri, i te mea kua kaumātuatia te taupori, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te maha o ngā mate urological. Pūtake raraunga: I whakahaerehia e tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina ki roto i ngā Pūrongo Pūtaiao e te Rōpū Urology o te Hōhipera Hononga Tuatahi o Te Whare Wānanga o Soochow te tātari whānui tuatahi o te taumahatanga o te ao o te BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) mai i te tau 1990 ki te 2021 i runga i te pātengi raraunga GBD 2021. I whakaūhia e tētahi tātaritanga wehewehenga ko te 61% o te pikinga o ngā keehi o te ao i ahu mai i te kaumātuatanga o te taupori, 29% ki te tipu o te taupori, me te 10% ki ngā huringa mate urutā.
I te mutunga o te tau 2024, kua eke te taupori o Haina e 60 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei ki te 310.31 miriona (tata ki te 310 miriona), e 22.0% o te taupori katoa; i roto i a rātou, ko te taupori e 65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, ko te 220.23 miriona (tata ki te 220 miriona), e 15.6% o te taupori katoa.
Matepukupuku Prostate (CA): Ko te tuatahi tēnei i roto i ngā matepukupuku ara mimi, me te auau mate o te 13.42 mō ia 100,000 tāngata. I runga i tētahi tāone nui e 5 miriona te taupori, e 671 ngā kēhi hou i ia tau. E ai ki te arotake o te tau 2025 "Ngā Auahatanga Matepukupuku Prostate, Ngā Āhuatanga Ira Tangata, me ngā Aratohu o Mua mō te Whakahaere Arotau i Haina," tata ki te 54% o ngā tūroro i tōku whenua kua horapa tawhiti i te wā tuatahi i kitea ai. Nō reira, ko te maha o ngā tūroro me ngā tohu pokanga tata ki te 671 * 0.46 = 308.
Matepukupuku tōngāmimi: Ko te auau matepukupuku he 9.29 mō ia 100,000 tāngata, me te auau matepukupuku hou ā-tau tata ki te 465 i roto i tētahi tāone nui e 5 miriona te taupori. I runga i ngā raraunga ipurangi, me te whakaaro he 75% te auau NMIBC (Tis, Ta, T1), ko te maha o ngā matepukupuku hou ā-tau me ngā tohu pokanga he 348. Matepukupuku whatukuhu laparoscopic: Ko te auau matepukupuku he 7.37 mō ia 100,000 tāngata, me te auau matepukupuku hou ā-tau tata ki te 368 i roto i tētahi tāone nui e 5 miriona te taupori. I runga i ngā āhuatanga mate pāwera o te "Tekau Tau e Rangahau ana mō te Hononga i waenga i ngā Auahatanga Pokanga me ngā Āhuatanga Hauora o te Mate Pukupuku Pūtau Renal" i whakaputaina e te Peking University First Hospital, ko te wāhanga pT1 e 79.6%, ā, ko te hua o te tohu pokanga tata ki te 293. Laparoscopic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): I runga i ngā raraunga o runga ake nei, i te tau 2024, ka 310.31 miriona tāngata i tōku whenua e 60 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, ko te 22.03% o te taupori, ā, tata ki te 48.73% o ēnei he tāne (haere mai, e ngā tāne, kāore koutou e ora roa pērā i ngā wāhine). Ko te auau o te BPH i roto i te hunga 60 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei ko te 50%, ā, 10% o ēnei me pokanga. Ko te tokomaha o te hunga e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga BPH i roto i tētahi tāone nui e 5 miriona te taupori ko: 5 miriona * 22.03% * 48.73% * 50% * 10% ≈ 26,838 tāngata, he tino tokomaha tēnei.
Ngā kōhatu mimi: Kāore he raraunga whaimana e wātea ana. I runga i te reiti mate 5%, e 25% e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga pokanga. I roto i tētahi tāone nui e 5 miriona te taupori, ko te mate me te maimoatanga ā-tau he tata ki te 62,500, he nui rawa tēnā. Ko te tikanga, koinei te rohenga teitei. Ka whakamahia te extracorporeal lithotripsy, te ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy, me te percutaneous nephrolithotomy me te pneumatic (laser) lithotripsy.
Mai i runga ki raro mā te tauwāhi tinana
Te nephrolithotomy percutaneous
Ko te Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) he tikanga iti rawa te whakaekenga e hanga ana i tētahi awa mā roto i te kiri hei rongoā i ngā kōhatu whatukuhu, i ngā whara rānei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei rongoā i ngā kōhatu whatukuhu nui (>2 cm) uaua rānei. Ko ōna painga matua ko te iti o te whara, te tere o te whakaoranga, me te tere o te tango i ngā kōhatu. Kei te iti haere te whānui o ngā nephroscopes, me ngā awa paerewa (24-30 Fr), ngā awa iti (16-22 Fr), me ngā awa tino pai (<16 Fr). Kei te wātea hoki ngā taputapu lithotripsy āhua-ngira me ngā diameter tata ki te 1.4 mm. Ko te Percutaneous nephrolithotomy he taputapu paerewa i roto i ngā pokapū lithotripsy urological.
He 12° te whānuitanga tirohanga o te nephroscope percutaneous, he pūeru porowhita, he 8.5 Fr/12 Fr te whānui o waho, tata ki te 250 mm te roa mahi whai hua, ā, tata ki te 6 Fr te hongere mahi.
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Wā tuku: Hepetema-22-2025